A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z Adtocolite Light, smooth-textured hot-pressed composition introduced in 1916. Alabaster Fine-grained sulphate of lime that was ideal for carving. Also used by doll-makers to describe heads cast in plaster of paris. Alencon Lace Needlepoint lace outlined with cord. All-Bisque Describes a complete doll made of bisque; usually small dolls 8 inches or less in height. Almond-eyed Dark, almond-shaped fixed eyes used by Jumeau. Dolls with this type of eyes usually have 'early' ball-jointed bodies. Angora Soft hair from goat used for early doll wigs. Antique Item over 75 years old. Applied ears Ears attached separately after the moulding of the heads. Used on high quality (usually large) dolls. Armature Inner frame of wire, metal or wood. Art dolls Can refer to child dolls designed by artists, or to adult boudoir-type dolls made in stylized manner. Articulate Manner in which bodies and limbs were joined to provide movement. Auto Bonnet Hat with tight, turned-back brim and slightly puffed crown. Babyland Rag Dolls Made by Horsman with painted faces but sometimes used to describe any doll of similar type. Balayeuse A dust ruffle or frill, as of silk or lace, sewed close to the lower edge of a skirt on the inside. Bald Heads Dolls with smooth, fully-moulded heads. Balmoral Boots Low boots that lace up front. Typical Victorian style ladies boot. Baschlik Scarf wrapped around head and over a hat; [bashlyk: an ancient round topped felt bonnet with lappets; bachlik: a hood attached to a cap... Balkans]. Basque Extension of close-fitting bodice below the waistline. Batiste Semi-sheer,lightweight cotton fabric Bavolet Curtain across the back of bonnet to shade neck. Bébé Child-like doll with double-jointed or leather body. Bébé baiser Kissing doll. Bébé de chant Singing doll. Bébé têteur Feeding doll. Bedford cord Heavy fabric with a lengthwise (warp) ribbed weave that resembles corduroy. Beefeater hat Narrow brimmed hat worn by British Yeoman of the Guard and Warders of the Tower of London since the 16thC.. Flat topped medium high crown gathered into a headband. Bellows Pocket Pocket made with bellow-like pleats. Belton type Bald-headed, French bisque doll. Small holes in crown, possibly for attaching wig or for stringing. [Belton was an early partner of Jumeau, but no connection to these bald-headed dolls has been found]. Bent-limbed baby body Baby-type body intended to be in sitting position. Beret Flat circle or pancake-shape hat of felt, felted jersey or fabric, with or without a band. It was shown in 1911 and may have been used before that. Large beret is called a tam-o'-shanter. Berlin type Moulded porcelain shoulder heads with soft pink glaze. Bertha Lace or ornamental collar around shoulders. Biedermeier Porcelain dolls with a round black spot on pate. Used by German collectors to refer to any glazed porcelain dolls. Other collectors describe any dolls made between 1805 and 1840 as Biedermeier. Biggin Coif like cap with ties under the chin, 16 & 17thC; large mob cap. Bishop Sleeves Full sleeves gathered in wristband. Bisque Unglazed (white) porcelain (when not soup); [a corruption of biscuit]. Black Light Type of bulb used with dolls to see repairs through bisque. Blonde bisque type Used to describe pink-tinted, unglazed heads with moulded hair and shoulder plate. Blouse Bodice that usually blouses at waistline. Blouse Waist Bodice that blouses over waistline. Blown (glass) eyes Round glass eyes with stem where blow pipe was broken off. Eye looks like tiny Christmas ball. Used mainly in German dolls and dolls with sleep eyes. Blush Rosy colour applied as cheek colour or over eyes as shadow. Blushing The soft colour applied to the backs of dolls' hands and tops of feet. Boater Oval, flat-topped hat with rigid flat brim, typically made of straw braid sailor or a skimmer. Bodice Upper part of dress or underwear. Bolero A very short jacket worn open in the front; hat with conical crown and small brim (when not a dance). Bonnet dolls Dolls having moulded hats or bonnets. Boudoir dolls Term to describe lady-dolls made in early twentieth century as mascots for adults. Bretelles Over-the-shoulder decoration or decorated suspenders. Breveté Patented [French]. Brocade Heavy silk with a textured pattern. Broderie Anglaise White embroidery, often with eyelets. Buckram Stiff, coarse, inexpensive cotton, heavily sized. Bust heads American term for shoulder heads. Cambric Slightly lustered cotton fabric. Candystore dolls American term for inexpensive all-bisques in small sizes. Capote Bonnet with soft crown and stiff brim 19thC; also cape or overcape. Carriage dolls Very small dolls in leather cases to amuse on journeys. Cartoon dolls Bisque or composition figures made in imitation of cartoon characters of twentieth century. Cartridge pleats Tight gathers. Cascades (of lace) Many rows of gathered lace. Cashmere Soft, lightweight, smooth material of twill weave, usually wool. Cat's Tongue Type of brush used for painting mouths on dolls. Ceramic Any fired clay product. Challis Soft, light, silk-and-wool or wool-and-cotton blend fabric. Chapeau Literally "hat"; any fancy French hat or bonnet. Character dolls First made by Marion Kaulitz in Munich, but now used mainly to describe bisque-headed dolls with realistic expressions made after 1909. Chemise Plain dress doll wore when it was sold; undergarment covering top part of body. Child doll Double-jointed or leather-bodied little girl dolls. China clay Fine white clay. China head American term for glazed porcelain, shoulder-headed dolls. China mop Large round brush with soft bristles used to apply face blush on dolls. China limb Lower arms and legs of porcelain. China silk Thin, plain silk with slight luster. Cloak Loose-fitting outer garment. Clocks Stocking decorations running up from the ankle. Closed-mouth Doll with lips modeled together. Coat sleeves Sleeves with two seams. Used on dresses and coats. Cody Jumeau Long-faced doll with two-tone mouth (Jumeau Triste). After Buffalo Bill Cody who returned to America from Paris in 1887 with a doll of this type for his daughters. Collectable Doll Doll between 35 and 75 years old (Moot). Or any doll? Colour Rubs Places where cheek color is rubbed through to expose white bisque. Columbian dolls Painted rag. American, circa 1900. Combination(s) Underbodice with attached drawers. Composition Can refer to any mixture of wood or paper pulp with glue as binder. Papier mâché is sometimes included. Cone Pyramid of clay that melts at an exact temperature; used for testing kiln temperatures. Contemporary clothing description means clothing made within 10 years of time doll was made, but not doll's original clothes. Coquette type. Has large, sideways-glancing eyes, painted or glass. Corset body Fabric of body printed with a corset Couturier Designer of fashions for women. Crêche figures Figures made for use in crêche scenes (Christmas cribs). Crinoline Petticoat made of horsehair or hoop petticoat. Cupids All-bisque figures made in Germany. Similar to Kewpies, with sideways- glancing eyes, but without wings or quiff. Cut-away head Method of cutting bisque heads at the crown. Those cut well away at a sharp angle are more highly thought of. Cuvets Cuplike wood pieces inserted in legs and arms to make joints work better. Also used as reinforcement. Damasse silk Brocade silk fabric. Demi-train Small train resulting from fullness at back of skirt. DEP. Deponiert (German) or Deposé (French). Indicates a registered design or trade-mark. French doll makers used this term on heads and shoes. Dolly-face dolls German dolls with plump cheeks, open mouths and teeth. They were not modeled after a child, but were an idealized portrait of a child of no particular age. Doll markings Doll's birthmark or company identification letters, size and mold numbers. Dorset Thread Button Button made of flat metal disk covered with threads radiating from center hole. Thread is wound through hole until no disk shows. Often elaborate designs were worked out with more than one color of thread. Buttons were used on clothing and shoes. D.R.G.M. Deutsches Reichs Gebrauchsmuster. (Registered Design.) Drawn Work Decoration made by pulling thread out of fabric and hand-stitching remaining thread to make design. Double-jointed Parts of body pivot around a wooden ball. Another term for "ball-jointed". Dutch Dolls Used loosely to describe all types of cheap, jointed, wooden dolls; [Corruption of German word Deutsch]. Earthenware Opaque body of common clay. Embroidered ribbon Ribbon with designs embroidered on or woven in, used as decoration around skirts and as braid on sleeves. En coeur Heart-shape neckline. English net Fine-mesh fabric made of cotton; background fabric of many types of lace. En tablier Skirt trim imitating an apron. Eyeletted body Limbs have sew holes that are protected by metal eyelets. Used on quality wax dolls. Fabricant Manufacturer of dolls. Faille Ribbed silk fabric recognized by its cord surface. Farmer satin Lustrous cotton fabric used for lining. Fashion doll Used to describe French lady-dolls of late nineteenth century. More correctly used as a description for genuine mannequin figures. Feathering Fine lines of eyebrow. Fichu Scarf worn at shoulders or neckline. Fire Heat clay to vitrification. Flanders baby Name sometimes given to jointed wooden dolls. Flange neck Neck that opens out at lower edge to be held in place by cloth bodies. Flappers 1920's-type dolls with long, shapely legs. Especially used to refer to all-bisques of this type. Flirting eyes Eyes that move from side to side. Flocked hair Method of simulating hair on baby or boy dolls by coating head with glue and attaching powdered felt. Flower dolls Porcelain heads with moulded flowers forming hats. Flux Glasslike substance that makes colors flow when melted with heat. Also makes colors glossy. Fly-fringe Cord fringe with knots used as trim. Folie Doll's head mounted on stick. The fabric costume conceals a squeaker. Fork hands Describes fmgers of early wooden dolls that are close together and stick-1ike. Fortune tellers Any type of doll that carries an assortment of written predictions. The leaves often form the skirt. Foulard Lightweight silk with plain twill or satin weave. 'French' bisque Late nineteenth-century doll-makers described any quality bisque in this way. Frock Dress with back closure. Frozen Charlottes Immobile figures of indeterminate sex. Usually white porcelain with black, or more rarely, yellow hair. Fused-edge ribbon Made by cutting ribbon lengthwise, then using heat to melt edge slightly. Only inexpensive ribbon has fused edge. Gaiters Covering for lower leg and top of foot. Gazette Porcelain screen or rack. Wafer of un- fired porcelain is placed on screen or rack, along with greenware heads, for firing. GESSO. Fine plaster used to give a good surface for painting. Gesland-type body Jointed wire body that was padded and covered with stockinette. Gibson girls Bisque lady-clolls made by Kestner and based on portraits of C. D. Gibson. Also commonly used to describe any lady-dolls of Edwardian period, whose features resemble those of the ladies in The Social Ladder by Charles Dana Gibson, printed in 1902. Gibson Pleats Shoulder pleats stitched to yoke depth. Gigot Sleeves Long sleeves, full in the upper part and tight over forearm Glaze The glass-like finish applied to earthenware and porcelain, impervious to liquid and smooth to touch. Googlies Unnatural, large round eyes, usually sideways glancing. Good examples have eyes that move by action of lever. Gosho-Ningyo Japanese court or Palace dolls. Gown Dress, usually with front closure. Greenware Unfired porcelain shape made by pouring slip into mold. Gretchen Dress-Dress hanging freely from yoke; bodice with high waistline. Grödnertals Jointed wooden dolls. Early nineteenth century. Usually have yellow or gilt combs in hair. Grosgrain Ribbed fabric. Cords are heavier than poplin, rounder than faille. Grosgrain Ribbon Heavy ribbon with rib running across it used for doll belts, bonnet ties and braid on costumes. Guimpe Bodice worn under a jumper or low-necked dress. Gusseted body Leather body with insets at joints to allow for movement. Gutta-percha Rubber-type substance obtained from Malaya. Gypsy Hat Wide-brim hat with ties extending over the top of the crown and brim, often worn by Gibson-Girl dolls. Hairline Crack Tiny crack in bisque. Hairpin Lace Type of lace made using hairpins. Half dolls Head and torso moulded in one to waist. Fabric upper arms and legs. Happifats Based on drawings by Kate Jordan. Only the arms move. Made in Germanyafter 1914. Hard paste porcelain True translucent porcelain made of kaolin, china clay and flux. Head cones Tops of bisque heads were left open to fit eye mechanisms and reduce weight. The gap was covered by head cones (pates) of cardboard or, in better dolls, cork. Kestner used plaster cones. Hood Tight-fitting bonnet with no brim. Hoof feet A stylized method of carving the feet of wooden dolls in the eighteenth century. Hoop petticoat Underpetticoat with hoops of cane, wire or bone. Hottentots Black Kewpies made after 1913. Hundles Flat, woven baskets that doll heads were dried in. Hydrocal Very hard plaster used to make master molds. Immobiles All-bisques in fixed positions. No moving parts. Incassible Literally "unbreakable", but used by many French makers to describe bébés. Incised Indented into, as numbers pressed into unfired bisque. Insertion lace Lace intended to be used between two pieces of fabric rather than as an edging; the style of the lace is the same on both edges. Intaglio Incised. Used particularly to describe painted dolls' eyes with incised detail. Interchangeables Refers usually to dolls with a choice of separate heads. Often sold in box with one body and 3 heads. Iridescent ribbon Woven of two colors of silk to give it a changeable effect. Iris Colored part of eye. Jewelled head Shoulder head embedded with glass to give the effect of a necklace. Jne. Short for "Jeune" meaning the younger or junior as in Bru Jne. Jointed body Makers used term to describe any moving part, but now used by collectors to describe dolls with moving limbs. Jumping Jack Jointed figure of wood or card activated by pulling a string. Kaiser baby Collectors jargon for Kämmer and Reinhardt model '100', known to the firm as 'Baby'. Kaolin Pure-white clay used for making dolls. Kaolin vats Large wood tubs in which clay was left to soak in preparation for making doll heads. Kewpies Designed by Rose O'Neill. Have small blue wings and starfish or 'webbed' hands. Hair in quiff. Kiln Furnace designed to heat clay objects to vitrification. Wood was used to heat most old doll kilns, but modern kilns are electric. Kissing doll Right arm and hand raise to touch lips and throw a kiss. Put into action by pulling string. Lawn Cotton fabric similar to linen; very fine woven and soft. Leglets Pantalets without body section, only legs. Lignite Decayed vegetation, often found in prepared porcelain slips. London rag doll (baby) Wax dolls whose faces were covered by a layer of muslin. Nineteenth century. Lustre Decoration of pottery or porcelain by means of a thin film of metal. Madame Bourget dolls. Wooden dolls made in twentieth century in style of eighteenth century. Manikin Lay figure of an artist or male doll used to display costume. Mantilla Small or short mantle, usually deeper in back. Marguerite dolls Porcelain shoulder heads with large daisies forming their hats. Marotte Head or complete doll mounted on a musical box which is activated when stick on which parts are assembled is swung. Mask face Printed or moulded front of head fixed to stuffed fabric back. Master mould Mould used to produce other moulds. Originally made of hydrocal but now made of rubber. Matryushka Nest of wooden dolls. Russian. Mignonette Small French pocket-sized doll no more than 20cm in height. Mildew Dark spots that appear on finished ware, usually caused when porcelain is underfired. Milettes Small French dolls under 14 inches tall. Milliners model Term coined by Eleanor St George to describe papier mâché dolls of early nineteenth century, with moulded hair . Milvex Type of colored composition developed by us for making reproduction doll bodies. Mint When applied to dolls, it means "unplayed-with" condition. Mob Cap Gathered circle, usually trimmed with lace. Biggin is an extra-large mob cap. Mode Thin, lustrous silk fabric. Modern doll Doll less than 25 years old. Moiré Corded silk or silk-and-cotton fabric with water- marked effect. Moiré ribbon Water-marked ribbon similar to moire silk. Markings come out if pressed with hot iron. Mohair Soft luxurious hair from the Angora goat. Used for doll wigs. Moulded hair Dolls with hair formed in the mold. Hair was not added. Mother Hubbard Free-hanging dress, cloak or night- gown gathered on yoke. Motschmann type Dolls made in Europe after 1851 in imitation of Japanese baby dolls. Fabric inserts in porcelain body sections allowed movement. Moulded teeth Teeth moulded in one with the head rather than inserted as in cheaper dolls. Moulded tongue Tongue that is either moulded in one with lower lip, as in an open-mouthed doll, or protruding slightly from an 'open-closed' mouth. Moulded yoke Decoration suggesting lace collars, etc., found on good bisque shoulder heads. Mousseline(s) de soie Sheer silk fabric similar to chiffon; (literally "muslin of silk"). Moving mouth Several dolls patented with moving teeth or lips. Moving heads All-bisque dolls whose heads were fixed to immobile bodies by elastic. Multi-faced dolls Several faces on sides of one head that are turned by a knob at the top of the head or by a string. Multi-wigged A selection of wigs sometimes accompanied better-quality dolls. Muslin In the UK refers to a thin loose-weave fabric like cheesecloth. In America used to describe any of various sturdy cotton fabrics of plain weave, used especially for sheets. This term is very confusing for the English when used in quilting. Nainsook Thin, lightweight cotton. Necklace dolls Moulded necklace on shoulder plate. Needle moulding Modelling of features of cloth-faced dolls by small stitches. Ne Plus Ultra joints Patented in the United States by Sarah Robinson in 1883. Usually a rivet hip joint used on leather bodies, but sometimes also used at knee and elbow. Nettle cloth Used by Käthe Kruse for waterproof dolls' heads which were stuffed with deer hair and reinforced with metal. Nodders Dolls whose heads nod on a pivot. Usually mantelpiece ornaments. Normandie Bonnet Hat with high, half-moon-shape puffed crown with many variations of brims. Nun's veiling Lightweight wool fabric made with plain weave in plain colors, similar to wool batiste. Open-closed mouths Mouth-Lips parted as if open, but no opening in bisque. Organdy Sheer, stiff, lightweight cotton. Original Artist's modeled doll or doll head used to make mold. Oval eyes Similar to paperweight eyes, but no crystal added over pupil. Used mainly in antique lady dolls and some very early Steiner dolls. and Palette Knife Small, flat knife, similar to spreader, used by painters. Pandoras True mannequin dolls. Usually full or half life-size. Pantin A Jumping Jack. Paperweight eyes Term for good-quality, early, flat-backed type of eye. Almond-shaped, with bulge over eyeball of crystal. giving depth to eyes. Usually only on French dolls or dolls for the French market. Papier mâché Paper reduced to fibrous pulp, mixed with chalk and sand. Used by doll-collectors to refer to dolls of the 'Milliners model' type. Parian White, unglazed porcelain as used for moulded shoulder heads. Parisiennes French lady-dolls of the late nineteenth century. Paste Old term used for soft clay pressed in molds. Pate The crown of the head. Cork or other substance used to round top of head where bisque was cut off. Often cork for French dolls and cardboard for German dolls. Peau de Soie-Heavy silk with fine, grainy surface produced by tiny cords. Long-wearing and serviceable. Pedlar dolls Dolls that have a tray or basket containing goods for sale. Peg-jointed Can refer to pegs holding elastic for stringing or small, dowel-type jointing as used in Grödnertals or Wooden Tops. Pelisse An outergarment or coat, for either men or women. Pelisses could have long sleeves or no sleeves at all. The pelisse was fitted across the chest and could be any length between mid thigh and ankle. Pelisses were often trimmed with fur or military-style frogging and braiding. Compare pilisse. Penny woodens Used here to describe mid-nineteenth-century dolls of similar quality to Grödnertals, but without the carved combs. Percale Cotton fabric with plain weave, usually recognized by firm construction, smooth, dull finish and printed pattern. Also available in plain colors. Petticoat Underskirt with waistband. Piano babies Ornamental bisque figurines, often immobile. Piano dolls Small figures of wood or card with bristle legs, that appear to dance when piano keys are moved. Also known as Pigmées Musico Dancemanes. Picot-edge ribbon Ribbon with looped thread along both edges, used to tie bonnets, edge dresses and sashes. Picture hat Hat or bonnet with wide, off-the-face brim. Pigeon toes Usually refers to early nineteenth-century waxed dolls, with turned-in toes, caused by the structure of their fabric bodies. Pilisse Cloak with cape. Pincushion heads Ornamental half figures of bisque or porcelain. Could be fixed to pincushions, crumb brushes, vanity bags or lampshades. Pink Lustre Very delicate, uneven pink shading to basic white-glazed porcelain heads. Pinning Blanket Long petticoat slit down front. Made to wrap around and over infant's legs. Plain-woven ribbon Weave similar to plain fabric. Silk ribbon is often plain woven. These ribbons are good for thread pulling. Plaster mould Reverse form of doll made of plaster of Paris used to duplicate shape. Doll heads were produced by pouring molds with liquid clay. Plastron Panel of contrasting-color fabric down the front of dress or bodice. Plisse-edge ribbon Ribbon with bit of ruffling on one or both sides, used on bonnets and dresses for decoration. Poke Bonnet Hat with projecting front brim, high, rising small crown and ties under chin. Polonaise Dress with overskirt draped in back. Pompadore Red paint used to give rosiness to cheeks and lips. Used on antique and reproduc- tion dolls. Pongee Mediumweight silk fabric in plain weave distinguished by irregular threads and natural beige color. Poplin Fine-ribbed silk, wool or cotton fabric. Porcelain slip Form of liquid clay made by adding water to porcelain. Slip is poured into molds. This replaced method of pressing paste clay in molds. Portrait doll Head modelled on a known person, e.g. Lord Roberts or Sara Penfold. Erroneously used to describe a miscellany of bisque and porcelain heads that have a slight resemblance to beauties of the period, e.g. Alexandra, Eugenie or Jenny Lind. Potassium Silicate Chemical added to wood chips to make doll's hands hard and less breakable. Used by Jumeau. Pounce Wad of wool inside china-silk covering used to apply cheek colour to porcelain dolls with a light, gentle up-and-down dabbing motion. Poupards Doll's head mounted on stick. Musical movement or squeaker concealed under clothes. Also a swaddling baby of wood or composition. Poupée A lady-cloll. Pouty Usually refers to bisque-headed doll with a pouting expression and closed mouth. Pre-coloured or self-coloured bisque Pink colouring in substance of bisque rather than applied. Princess Style-Gored, flowing style without waistline. Printed dolls Refers to rag dolls bought in sheet form. Pumpkin heads Waxed composition with blonde, moulded hair. Heads made in shallow, two-part moulds and consequently present a flattened appearance. Also squash heads. Pupil Black center of doll eye. Queen Anne Collar Square-cut collar. Relief Built up, as numbers on head raised above surface. Reproduction Exact copy. Doll made in mould made from old doll, with identical painting, and clearly marked with date and maker. Retractable tongue Tongue pivots back into mouth when doll is laid down. Robe Open-front gown. Rococo and variegated ribbon Ribbons that change color. Rococo changes when moved from side to side. Variegated changes when moved from end to end. Rompers Child's garment with bloomers instead of skirt at bottom. Rooted hair Set into wax or plastic material, either singly or in tufts. Lashes, eyebrows and beards could all be treated similarly. Rupprecht dolls Figures of Dutch origin dressed completely in fur. Were attendants to Santa Claus. Sand baby A doll whose head was weighted with sand. Made by Käthe Kruse. Sarsnet A twilled fabric which uses different colors in the warp and weft, thus allowing the fabric to subtly change colors as the fabric moves (variously, sarsenet, sarcenet). Americans imply cotton but old English use seems to mean a fine silk used for linings. Sateen Cotton fabric with luster on right-side. Used for dressing French dolls. Satin Lustrous silk material in satin weave. Satin ribbon Ribbon with shiny. smooth surface. which can be on one or both sides of the ribbon. It is the most- common ribbon used on dolls. Terms single-faced and double-faced are used with satin. meaning it is shiny on one or both sides. Scarf dolls Moulded shoulder heads wearing a scarf or turban. Schilling joints Method of fixed wooden or composition arms to a body of leather or cloth, 1884. Schutzmarke Trade-mark. Seersucker Light fabric of linen, cotton, (or rayon) usually striped and slightly puckered Seersucker ribbon Puckered ribbon as above that does not lie flat because thread in some sections are drawn tighter. It is used most often as dress decoration and braid. Set eyes Eyes that do not move. Stationary eyes. Fixed eyes. Sewing companion Dressed dolls whose costume is a holder for scissors, thread, etc. S.G.D.G. (French). Without government guarantee. (Used in conjunction with Breveté). Shift Chemise or underskirt. Shoulder heads Head and shoulder plate of same substance. Sewn or stuck to body. Skittle doll Carved, one-piece wooden dolls of primitive type. Skittle-shaped. Sleep eyes Eyes that open and close. Snow babies All-bisque figures wearing snow suits of grog. Can be wire-jointed, or, more usually, immobile. Spoon hands Embryonic hands where only the thumb is carved separately. Starfish hands Early 20th C. Hands modelled to look almost webbed. As in Kewpies. Ste. Society (French). Steuber body Boots and stockings form an integral part of the lower legs. Stiff-jointed Arms and legs move only at shoulders and hip. Stiff necks Terms for dolls whose heads are moulded in one wid1 body. Usually refers to all-bisques. Stomacher Omamental. stiffened panel work used as front of bodice. Straight-limbed baby Legs modelled almost straight so that the doll can stand. Straight wrists Unjointed wrists; also called gauntlet-type wrists. Stringing loops Bisque loops modelled in one with limbs for neater stringing of all-bisques.Some baby dolls made by Heubach have stringing loop on neck. Swayers Figurines that sway from side to side. Swivel necks Turn in socket at base. Swivel pegs The top part of the arm or leg of a Grödnertal that fits into the torso and allows movement. Taffeta Plain. closely woven. stiff silk fabric with dull luster. Tam-o'-Shanter Large beret. Tarlatan Inexpensive gauzelike fabric used to dress German dolls. Toddler body Plump, double-jointed body, often with shaped thighs to fit neatly against body. Tea-cup dolls See under Frozen Charlottes. Teddy Combination undergarment; (when not a bear). Terra Cotta Fired red clay. Tête Jumeau mark. Tête Jumeau. (literally "head"). Thumb-sucker German all-bisque with well-moulded hand. Thumb fits into open mouth. Some have rubber hands. Toque Small. round. close-fitting French hat with or without brim. Topsy-turvy Doll with head at top and bottom. Unwanted head covered by skirt. and Undercut Indentation that keeps mould from pulling off clay model. Universal joints Patented in 1895 in the United State~ by Charles Fausel. Used on kid bodies, where a composition or china part has to swivel within a leather socket. Vamps 1920, boudoir-type lady-dolls. Velvet Pile fabric. Pile is usually cut close. Velveteen Cotton. with cotton backing and cotton pile. Vitrification Bringing clay to point of chemical change from where it can never be returned to clay. Voice box Any mechanism installed in doll for making sounds. Warp To become misshapened in firing process. Wax poured Moulded heads made completely of wax. Waxed Heads of wood, plaster or composition coated with wax. Wescott Very short. sleeveless jacket. Whistling dolls Mouth puckered into whistling expression. Appears to whistle when sound box in torso is squeezed. Whistling tongue A tongue that vibrates when the doll is moved. Whiteware Old term for fired porcelain or bisque. Wig Hair arrangement on doll. Wimpern German for eyelashes. Found on Simon and Halbig heads probably intended for quality market. Winking doll Made between 1910 and 1920. One eye closed. Smiling mouths. Wire-eyed Eyes close by action of wire lever that protrudes from side of body orcrotch. String sometimes attached to wire inside body. Steiner dolls with wire-eyed mechanism are most well- known. Wooden Kates Wooden dolls with black hair and undetailed faces. Wooden tops Cheap, jointed, wooden dolls with black hair made in Switzerland and Germany. Wood pulps Sawdust mixed with a glue binder. Woven-Edge ribbon Ribbon with tighter weave along edges to keep it from raveling. Most good ribbon has woven edges (as opposed to a fused edge). and and Yeux fibres Good-quality eyes with a white-rayed iris.